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This study shows that saiga reproductive ecology and herd behaviour have fundamentally changed since the sharp drop in saiga antelope numbers. Specifically, population productivity, herd and birth aggregation size have declined dramatically. Methods for monitoring population productivity were assessed. Whereas for a stable saiga population age structure could be used as a proxy, monitoring twinning rate provides a viable alternative for estimating population growth today. Saiga were found to have one of the highest levels of in utero maternal investment in ungulates.
The UN has declared 2005 to 2014 the Decade of Education for
Sustainable Development. However, education is often viewed as an
unalloyed good and consequently,there have been few empirical
studies on the costs and benefits of different forms of education
within the fields of environmental conservation and sustainable
development. Likewise, studies quantifying success of conservation
and sustainable development projects are also limited. Without
quantitative data on either of these aspects it is difficult to
translate research into action, which is vital if conservation and
sustainable development strategies are to succeed.